Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: coastal beacon battery
The operating life T of a coastal beacon battery follows an exponential distribution. A new battery has probability 0.30 of failing during its first four months. Calculate the probability that it remains operational through month 8 but fails before month 12.
- A
0.063 - B
0.147 - C
0.210 - D
0.300 - E
0.343
Answer and calculation
Four-month survival is 0.70. Exponential survival across equal blocks gives 0.70²-0.70³=0.147, so choice B is correct.
Setup
Setup
Convert the first-block failure probability into four-month survival.
q=Pr(T>4)=1−0.30=0.70 Model
Model
For an exponential lifetime, survival over equal blocks multiplies.
Pr(T>8)=q2,Pr(T>12)=q3 Compute
Compute
Subtract survival through month 12 from survival through month 8.
Pr(8<T<12)=q2−q3 Pr(8<T<12)=0.702−0.703=0.147 Answer
Answer
The requested probability is listed under choice B.
0.147(B)