This Exam P sample reference tests Inclusion–Exclusion. Subtracting the young-male and young-married regions, then restoring their overlap, leaves 880 in the requested cell, choice D.
These notes identify the calculation error associated with each wrong letter when that error is reproducible.
AThe value 280 is 3000-1320-1400. It subtracts the 600 records in both excluded groups twice and fails to restore them once.
Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: count records carrying exactly two flags
In an archive, 180 records carry both flags A and B, 150 carry both A and C, and 110 carry both B and C. Sixty records carry all three flags. How many records carry exactly two of the flags?
A 140
B 180
C 200
D 320
E 260
Variant answer in brief
Each three-flag record appears in all three pair counts. Removing its three appearances leaves 260 records with exactly two flags, choice E.
Setup
Setup
Add the three pairwise-intersection counts to form S=440. This sum counts records according to how many pairs of flags they contain.
S=N(A∩B)+N(A∩C)+N(B∩C)=440
Model
Model
A record with exactly two flags appears in one pair count, whereas a record with all three flags appears in all three pair counts.
S=N(exactly two)+3N(A∩B∩C)
Compute
Compute
The 60 three-flag records contribute 3(60)=180 to S, so removing those contributions leaves 440-180=260 exactly-two records.
N(exactly two)=440−3(60)=260
Answer
Answer
Thus 260 records carry exactly two flags, which is choice E.
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