This Exam P sample reference tests Poisson Distribution. The zero-count probability gives λ=-ln(0.18)=1.7148. A Poisson distribution with a noninteger mean has unique mode floor(λ)=1, so choice B.
These notes identify the calculation error associated with each wrong letter when that error is reproducible.
AAlthough Pr(X=0)=0.18, Pr(X=1)=0.18lambda=0.3087 is larger, so zero is not the mode.
CThis rounds the mean 1.7148 to 2. In fact, Pr(X=2)/Pr(X=1)=λ/2=0.8574<1, so the mass has already begun decreasing.
DThe value 5 is floor(1/0.18), but the reciprocal of the zero-count probability is not the Poisson mode.
EThe value 6 is 1/0.18 rounded to the nearest integer; that reciprocal has no modal-count interpretation.
Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: most likely sensor delay
A sensor's post-maintenance delay T has a continuous density proportional to t²(8-t) for 0<t<8 and zero elsewhere. Calculate the mode of T.
A 0
B 4.000
C 4.800
D 5.333
E 8.000
Variant answer in brief
The normalizing constant does not affect the location of the maximum. Differentiating t²(8-t) gives t(16-3t), whose interior maximum is t=16/3=5.333 and choice D.
Setup
Setup
Ignore the positive normalizing constant and maximize the density kernel on its support.
g(t)=t2(8−t),0<t<8
Model
Model
Differentiate the kernel to locate its stationary points.
g′(t)=16t−3t2=t(16−3t)
Compute
Compute
The interior critical point is 16/3. The derivative is positive before it and negative after it.
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