This Exam P sample reference tests Continuous Random Variables. Symmetry assigns half the mass to each side of 6.5, so the left density constant is 0.5/ln(7.5). Reflecting the 60th percentile to the 40th gives k=14-7.5⁰·⁸=8.9876, choice C.
These notes identify the calculation error associated with each wrong letter when that error is reproducible.
AThe value 4.01 is the reflected point 13-8.99, which is the 40th percentile. It is the helper quantile on the known side, not the requested 60th percentile.
BThe value 7.80 is 0.60(13), the 60th percentile of a uniform distribution on the full interval. The stated density is not uniform.
DExtending the left-half formula beyond its valid interval and setting it directly equal to 0.60 gives 7.5¹·²-1=10.22. The right half must be handled by symmetry.
EAt 10.51, symmetry gives F(10.51)=1-[0.5 ln(3.49)/ln(7.5)], approximately 0.690. This is not the 60th percentile.
Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: percentile under a stepped density
A device's energy use X has density c from 0 through 2 units and density 2c from 2 through 5 units, with zero density elsewhere. Calculate the 70th percentile of X.
A 2.000 units
B 2.800 units
C 3.500 units
D 3.800 units
E 4.800 units
Variant answer in brief
Normalization gives c=1/8, so the lower segment contains probability 1/4 and the upper density is 1/4. Accumulating another 0.45 above 2 requires 1.8 units, placing the 70th percentile at 3.8 and choice D.
Setup
Setup
Normalize the two density levels over their respective intervals.
∫02cdx+∫252cdx=2c+6c=1
c=81
Model
Model
Locate the percentile above the density break because the first segment holds only one quarter of the probability.
FX(2)=2c=41<0.70
FX(q)=41+2c(q−2),2<q<5
Compute
Compute
Accumulate the remaining probability at the upper segment's density.
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