This Exam P sample reference tests Discrete Random Variables. This problem reconstructs a single probability cell from overlapping count ranges. First p_3=0.260-0.250-0.002=0.008, then p_2=0.036-0.008=0.028, so choice D.
These notes identify the calculation error associated with each wrong letter when that error is reproducible.
AIf p_2=0.009, the other supplied ranges imply an at-least-one total of 0.288-0.009=0.279, not 0.260.
BIf p_2=0.014, back-substitution gives total probability 0.274 across counts one and above, contradicting 0.260.
CIf p_2=0.024, the reconstructed at-least-one probability is 0.264. The four-thousandths discrepancy is not a rounding issue in the supplied values.
EIf p_2=0.048, then p_3=0.036-0.048=-0.012, an impossible negative probability.
Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: recover the unflagged share
A quality record can carry flag A, flag B, both flags, or neither. The probabilities of flag A and flag B are 0.42 and 0.35, respectively. The probability of carrying exactly one flag is 0.53. Calculate the probability that a record carries neither flag.
A 0.12
B 0.24
C 0.35
D 0.53
E 0.65
Variant answer in brief
If x is the both-flags probability, exactly-one probability is 0.42+0.35-2x=0.53, giving x=0.12. The union is then 0.65, so the neither probability is 0.35 and choice C.
Setup
Setup
Let x be the probability that both flags are present.
x=Pr(A∩B)
Model
Model
Adding the two marginal probabilities counts both-flags records twice, so subtract two copies of x to obtain exactly one flag.
Pr(exactly one)=0.42+0.35−2x=0.53
Compute
Compute
Solve for the intersection, then use inclusion-exclusion and a complement.
The 3108-page Probability Proof Manual reorganizes 718 verified Exam P solutions by syllabus skill and adds formula proofs, error patterns, and original worked practice.