This Exam P sample reference tests Joint Probability Mass Functions. This variance is obtained by summing the joint mass function over the other coordinate and then computing two marginal moments. The resulting variance is 5/9, approximately 0.56, which selects choice A.
These notes identify the calculation error associated with each wrong letter when that error is reproducible.
BThe value 0.67 is the mean E[Y]=2/3, not the variance.
CUsing an incorrect mean of 0.50 in E[Y²]-E[Y]² gives 1-0.25=0.75.
DThe value 1.00 is the second moment E[Y²] before subtracting the squared mean.
EThis adds rather than subtracts the squared mean: E[Y²]+E[Y]²=1+(2/3)²=13/9=1.444..., which rounds to 1.44.
Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: variance of a priority-level gap
Two independent dispatch dials each display one of the priority levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 with equal probability. Let Y be the absolute difference between the two displayed levels. Calculate Var(Y).
A 3/4
B 15/16
C 5/4
D 25/16
E 5/2
Variant answer in brief
Counting the sixteen ordered dial pairs gives probabilities 4/16, 6/16, 4/16, and 2/16 for gaps zero through three. The first two moments are 5/4 and 5/2, so the variance is 15/16 and choice B.
Setup
Setup
Count the ordered dial pairs producing each possible absolute gap.
Pr(Y=0)=164,Pr(Y=1)=166
Pr(Y=2)=164,Pr(Y=3)=162
Model
Model
Use the derived marginal distribution to calculate the first moment.
E[Y]=161(6)+2(4)+3(2)=45
Compute
Compute
Compute the second moment and subtract the squared mean.
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