Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: an exponential instrument display
A log-signal X is normally distributed with mean 1.2 and standard deviation 0.4. An instrument displays the exponential of X. Calculate the probability that the display lies between one and the exponential of 1.8.
- A
0.0013 - B
0.0655 - C
0.0668 - D
0.9318 - E
0.9332
Answer and calculation
The exponential function is increasing, so the display interval corresponds to a log-signal between 0 and 1.8. Those limits standardize to −3 and 1.5, giving probability 0.9318 and choice D.
Setup
Setup
Name the displayed value and invert its increasing exponential transformation.
{1<Y<e1.8}={0<X<1.8} Model
Model
Standardize the two log-signal boundaries.
z0=0.40−1.2=−3 z1=0.41.8−1.2=1.5 Compute
Compute
Subtract the standard-normal cumulative probabilities at the two endpoints.
Pr(0<X<1.8)=Φ(1.5)−Φ(−3) =0.9331927987−0.0013498980=0.9318429007 Answer
Answer
The display falls in the stated interval with probability approximately 0.9318.
0.9318(D)