This Exam FM sample reference tests Spot and Forward Rates. A four-year 5% spot investment must equal a two-year 4% spot investment rolled for two additional years at the implied rate. Solving the two-year forward factor gives 6.01%, so choice E is correct.
These notes identify the calculation error associated with each wrong letter when that error is reproducible.
AChoice A (1.0%) does not satisfy the no-arbitrage four-year accumulation split into spot and forward two-year blocks; no distinct standard one-step error is identifiable.
BChoice B (4.0%) does not satisfy the no-arbitrage four-year accumulation split into spot and forward two-year blocks; no distinct standard one-step error is identifiable.
CChoice C (4.5%) does not satisfy the no-arbitrage four-year accumulation split into spot and forward two-year blocks; no distinct standard one-step error is identifiable.
DChoice D (5.0%) does not satisfy the no-arbitrage four-year accumulation split into spot and forward two-year blocks; no distinct standard one-step error is identifiable.
Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: four-year spot rate from a two-year spot and later two-year forward rate
The two-year annual effective spot rate is 3%. The implied annual effective rate for the two-year period from year 2 to year 4 is 5%. Calculate the four-year annual effective spot rate.
A 3.40%
B 3.60%
C 3.80%
D 4.00%
E 4.19%
Variant answer in brief
Two years at 3% followed by two years at 5% gives the four-year accumulation. Taking its fourth root yields four-year spot rate 4.00%, choice D.
Setup
Setup
Combine the two two-year accumulation blocks under no arbitrage.
(1+s4)4=(1.03)2(1.05)2
Model
Model
Take the fourth root; equivalently, take the square root of the product of the two annual factors.
1+s4=(1.03)(1.05)
Compute
Compute
The four-year spot rate is 3.995192%.
s4=0.0399519220
Answer
Answer
The four-year annual effective spot rate is 4.00%, selecting choice D.
The 2210-page Financial Mathematics Proof Manual reorganizes 461 verified Exam FM solutions by syllabus skill and adds formula proofs, error patterns, and original worked practice.