Original practice · fully worked
Original variant: measure Redington surplus curvature
A net cash-flow stream pays 2,000 at time 0, pays out 3,300 at time 1, and receives 1,331 at time 3. At 10% effective annually its present-value surplus and first yield derivative are both zero. Determine the second yield derivative.
- A
3,967 - B
4,463 - C
4,959 - D
5,455 - E
5,950
Answer and calculation
Differentiating the time-one and time-three present values twice gives positive curvature 4,958.68, choice C.
Setup
Setup
Write the present-value surplus with signs determined by receipts and outflows.
h(i)=2000−1+i3300+(1+i)31331 Model
Model
Differentiate the discounted time-one and time-three terms twice with respect to yield.
h′′(i)=−(1+i)32(3300)+(1+i)512(1331) Compute
Compute
At 10%, the two curvature contributions combine to 4,958.6777.
h′′(0.10)=4958.6777 Answer
Answer
The second yield derivative is approximately 4,959, corresponding to choice C.
h′′(0.10)≈4959(C)